<![CDATA[The Karimunjawa Islands in Central Java, Indonesia, are a designated marine national park experiencing increasing anthropogenic pressures. To address these concerns, this study investigates the diversity of marine microbiota in the coastal waters of the Karimunjawa Islands, utilizing DNA metabarcoding techniques to assess their potential as indicators of environmental change. Environmental DNA (eDNA) samples were collected from both high and low human-impacted site. Samples were analysed using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology targeting the 16S gene. Analysis of these samples revealed a high diversity of marine microbiota, comprising 11 phyla, 11 classes, 11 orders, and 12 families. In locations subjected to anthropogenic pressures, the microbial community was dominated by potentially pathogenic taxa, particularly those from the families Arcobacteraceae and Nitrincolaceae, which are commonly associated with degraded water quality and adverse conditions for aquatic life. Conversely, low human-impacted sites exhibited a predominance of Cyanobiaceae, a group known for its ecological roles that support a healthy aquatic environment. The study's findings underscore the importance of marine microbiota as a valuable bioindicator for monitoring environmental health in coastal areas. These results highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and conservation efforts to preserve the delicate balance of the marine ecosystems in the Karimunjawa Islands.]]>
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