Perbandingan Status Gizi Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut Balita Kasokandel Majalengka 2024

Athyra Nasywa Nur Lintang (Prodi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran)
Lisa Adhia Garina (Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia)
Jannatin Aliya Indrina (Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia)

Jurnal Riset Kedokteran
Volume 6, No.1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Kedokteran (JRK)

Abstract. Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in Indonesia, with pneumonia contributing substantially to child deaths. Nutritional status is an important factor influencing susceptibility to ARI. This study aimed to compare nutritional status based on ARI classification among children under five. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among children aged 1–5 years who visited Kasokandel Primary Health Center, Majalengka District, between January and December 2024. Samples were selected using consecutive sampling. Nutritional status was assessed using WHO z-score anthropometric indices, including weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A), and weight-for-height (W/H). ARI classification was determined from physician diagnoses and categorized as common cold or pneumonia. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A total of 247 children were included, consisting of 125 common cold and 122 pneumonia cases. No significant differences were found between ARI classification and nutritional status based on W/A (p=0.72) and W/H (p=0.36). However, a significant association was observed between H/A and ARI classification (p=0.04). Adequate nutritional status plays an important role in preventing ARI among children under five. Abstrak. Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada balita di Indonesia, dengan pneumonia sebagai bentuk ISPA berat yang berkontribusi terhadap kematian anak. Status gizi merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi kerentanan balita terhadap ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan status gizi berdasarkan klasifikasi ISPA pada balita. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada balita usia 1–5 tahun yang berobat ke Puskesmas Kasokandel Kabupaten Majalengka selama Januari–Desember 2024. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Status gizi dinilai menggunakan indeks antropometri WHO z-score berdasarkan BB/U, TB/U, dan BB/TB. Klasifikasi ISPA ditentukan berdasarkan diagnosis dokter dan dikelompokkan menjadi common cold serta pneumonia. Analisis data menggunakan uji Pearson chi-square dan Fisher’s exact test. Sebanyak 247 balita diikutsertakan, terdiri atas 125 kasus common cold dan 122 kasus pneumonia. Tidak ditemukan perbandingan yang signifikan antara klasifikasi ISPA dengan status gizi berdasarkan BB/U (p=0,72) dan BB/TB (p=0,36). Namun, terdapat perbandingan yang signifikan antara TB/U dan klasifikasi ISPA (p=0,04). Status gizi yang baik berperan penting dalam pencegahan ISPA pada balita.