Energy: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Teknik
Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026): ENERGY: JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU-ILMU TEKNIK (July-November 2026 Edition)

Development of a Safety-Support Prototype for Artisanal Hookah Divers

Susana Merary Romero Benitez (Master'
s Program in Ergonomics and Industrial Safety (EKI), Department of Engineering and Industrial Systems, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia)

Retno Widyaningrum (Master'
s Program in Ergonomics and Industrial Safety (EKI), Department of Engineering and Industrial Systems, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia)

Aqilah Gusti Nindira (Master'
s Program in Ergonomics and Industrial Safety (EKI), Department of Engineering and Industrial Systems, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
14 Aug 2026

Abstract

Artisanal hookah divers in small-scale fisheries face significant occupational safety risks because they rely on surface-supplied compressors and long breathing-air hoses, while existing commercial dive computers are not designed for this operational context. This study aimed to develop a safety-support prototype tailored to the needs of artisanal hookah divers using a human-centred design approach. User needs were identified through preliminary field observations and supported by literature, safety standards, and technology benchmarking. These needs were translated into system requirements and prioritised using an evidence-weighted engineering design process to guide prototype development. The resulting prototype integrates a diver-mounted monitoring module, a surface monitoring and control unit, and a compressor-side flow-proxy module connected through a wired communication pathway. The analysis identified reliable wired communication between the diver and the surface unit as the highest engineering priority, and the prototype successfully implemented a functional manual surface-to-diver warning mechanism. This study contributes a context-specific prototype that reallocates safety-support functions between the diver and the surface operator, providing a practical design framework for improving occupational safety in artisanal hookah diving. Technical validation and field evaluation remain subjects for future research.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

energy

Publisher

Subject

Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

Description

Energy Journal serves as a platform for information and communication of various research findings and scientific writings in the field of engineering, contributed by practitioners, researchers, and academics who are involved in and have a keen interest in the development of science and technology. ...