<![CDATA[This study is motivated by the continuing underrepresentation of female ʿulamāʾ in leadership positions within religious fields, a condition sustained by the deeply entrenched patriarchal culture embedded in religious traditions. It aims to examine the process through which the leadership authority of female ʿulamāʾ is constructed through the interaction of habitus, capital, field, and identity negotiation. Employing a qualitative design with an ethnographic approach, the study focuses on four prominent female ʿulamāʾ. The data were analyzed using Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice in conjunction with intersectionality theory. The findings demonstrate that the leadership of female ʿulamāʾ is constituted through the dynamic interplay of habitus, capital, and field. The various forms of capital possessed by each female ʿulamāʾ operate differently according to the logic governing their respective fields. However, these forms of capital cannot be converted into leadership authority unless female ʿulamāʾ successfully negotiate the multiple intersecting identities they embody, particularly those related to gender and marital status.]]>
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