Bulletin of Engineering Science, Technology and Industry
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): September - ON PROGESS

THE EFFECT OF TILT ANGLE AND MOUNTING HEIGHT ON BIFACIAL GAIN AND ANNUAL ENERGY YIELD OF A ROOFTOP BIFACIAL PV SYSTEM: A PVSYST PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS IN THE HUMID TROPICAL CLIMATE OF SOUTH SULAWESI

Heriani (Universitas Hasanuddin)
Muhammad Iqbal Nikmatullah (Universitas Hasanuddin)



Article Info

Publish Date
11 Aug 2026

Abstract

Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules capture solar irradiance on both front and rear surfaces, with the rear-side contribution quantified as bifacial gain (BG), highly sensitive to tilt angle and mounting height above the roof surface. A systematic simulation study simultaneously varying both parameters for the humid tropical climate of South Sulawesi, Indonesia has not been found in publicly indexed databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, SINTA, Garuda, Neliti; last searched 10 June 2025). This study presents a parametric simulation dataset through 20 PVsyst 7.3.1 variants combining five tilt angles (5–25°) with four mounting heights (0.30–1.00 m) for a 10.8 kWp grid-connected bifacial rooftop system (5.2334°S, 119.5047°E; GHI = 1,855 kWh/m²/yr). Results show tilt 10° consistently maximizes annual energy yield (E_grid) across all heights, consistent with low-latitude theory and field measurements by Khoo et al. (2014), peaking at 17,631 kWh/yr (PR = 0.871; BG = 8.0%) at H = 1.00 m. Albedo sensitivity analysis shows BG ranging 6.1–10.2% across albedo 0.15–0.30, with a disproportionate +2.2 pp increase at the 0.25→0.30 step, consistent with the nonlinear albedo–BG relationship reported by Deline et al. (2020), though the underlying mechanism requires field confirmation. This study is a simulation-based parametric analysis without on-site field validation, a limitation stated explicitly throughout; results should not be treated as experimentally validated values.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

go

Publisher

Subject

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

Description

Bulletin of Engineering Science, Technology and Industry | ISSN: 3025-5821 is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes popular articles in the fields of Engineering, Technology and Industrial Science. This journal is published 4 times a year, namely in March, June, September and December. We invite ...