Academia Open
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): December

Profile and Appropriateness of Antibiotic Use Among Outpatients with Respiratory Tract Infections at the Pagantenan Subdistrict Community Health Center

Zakaria Zakaria (Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Madura)
Lisa Narulita (Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Madura)
Sufiyatin Riski Adawiyyah (Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Madura)
Akhmad Fathir (Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Madura)



Article Info

Publish Date
28 Jul 2026

Abstract

General Background: Acute respiratory tract infections are common health conditions requiring appropriate antibiotic selection and supportive treatment according to patient symptoms and clinical diagnosis. Specific Background: Outpatient treatment involves different antibacterial agents, formulations, doses, and adjunctive therapies, particularly among patients diagnosed with pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Knowledge Gap: Local descriptive evidence integrating patient characteristics, diagnostic patterns, antibiotic distribution, and supportive medication use remains limited within community health center settings. Aims: This study aimed to identify patient characteristics and describe antibiotic and supportive treatment profiles among patients with respiratory tract infections. Results: A retrospective descriptive analysis of 58 medical records showed that female patients represented 53% of cases, while tonsillitis was the most frequent diagnosis at 66%, compared with pharyngitis at 34%. Amoxicillin was the most frequently recorded antibiotic, accounting for 77.58% of antibacterial therapy, followed by cefadroxil, co-trimoxazole, and erythromycin. Supportive treatment included analgesic-antipyretics, antihistamines, cough medicines, corticosteroids, and vitamins, with paracetamol 500 mg recorded most frequently among adjunctive medications. Novelty: The study presents an integrated outpatient profile combining demographic characteristics, diagnoses, antibiotic selection, dosage forms, and supportive therapies within one retrospective dataset. Implications: The findings provide baseline information for reviewing medication selection, strengthening antibiotic monitoring, and planning symptom-based pharmaceutical services in primary healthcare. Highlights: Female patients represented 53% of the 58-record sample. Tonsillitis accounted for 66%, compared with 34% for pharyngitis. Paracetamol 500 mg was the most frequently documented adjunctive therapy. Keywords: ISPA, Treatment Profile, Community Health Center, Antibiotics, Drugs

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Journal Info

Abbrev

acopen

Publisher

Subject

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Description

Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This ...