Academia Open
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): December

Correlation of Malocclusion, Dental Crowding With Dental Caries and Calculus in Mixed Dentition : Korelasi Antara Maloklusi dan Gigi Berdesakan dengan Karies Gigi dan Karang Gigi pada Masa Pertumbuhan Gigi Campuran

Lila Muntadir (Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Twi Agnita Cevanti (Departemen Konservasi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya)
Lambang Bargowo (Departemen Periodontologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya)
Nining Dwi Suti Ismawati (Departemen Bedah Mulut, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Kalimantan)
Windy Yuliartanti (Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Wanda Karisma Dian Sari (Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Rizqi Aulia Kusuma Andini (Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Marisa Elvi Dayanti (Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Eka Setyawardana (Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Reni Puspa Daniati (Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)



Article Info

Publish Date
08 Aug 2026

Abstract

General Background: Mixed dentition is a transitional stage characterized by dynamic occlusal development, while irregular tooth alignment may create plaque-retentive areas that complicate oral hygiene. Specific Background: Although crowding may facilitate biofilm retention, evidence linking this condition with caries during mixed dentition remains inconsistent. Knowledge Gap: Available evidence regarding crowding as a caries-related factor is limited and heterogeneous, particularly when caries experience in permanent and primary teeth is assessed separately. Aims: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between crowding and caries status, DMFT, and deft among 30 fourth-grade students aged 10–11 years. Results: Crowding occurred in 83.3% of participants and caries in 60.0%. Fisher’s exact test showed no significant relationship between crowding and caries status (p = 0.066). DMFT did not differ significantly between groups (U = 75.50; p = 0.439), and deft likewise showed no significant difference (U = 85.00; p = 0.171). Novelty: The study provides sample-specific evidence by evaluating crowding against caries status while separately examining permanent and primary tooth caries indices during mixed dentition. Implications: Crowding alone does not sufficiently explain caries experience in this sample. Interpretation requires caution because of the small and imbalanced groups, incomplete crowding-severity data, and cross-sectional design. Highlights: Alignment irregularity was recorded in 83.3% of the sample. Fisher’s exact testing remained above the significance threshold (p = 0.066). DMFT and deft comparisons were nonsignificant (p = 0.439 and p = 0.171). Keywords: Dental Crowding, Dental Caries, Mixed Dentition, DMFT, Deft

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Journal Info

Abbrev

acopen

Publisher

Subject

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Description

Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This ...