<![CDATA[Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant burden among older adults in rural communities due to limited health literacy, inadequate access to services, and deeply rooted cultural practices. Family involvement is often essential yet unsupported by structured interventions. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a culturally contextual Family Empowerment Model based on Family-Centered Care (FCC) to strengthen diabetes self-management among older adults with T2DM in rural settings. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was employed, involving 21 participants (older adults, family caregivers, and health workers) from Sukamaju Village, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework. Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) Family as the first line of care, (2) Cultural and spiritual values in caregiving, (3) Need for empowerment and health literacy, and (4) Community health workers as bridging agents. These findings informed a structured empowerment model encompassing family roles, cultural alignment, health education, and community engagement. Conclusion: The FCC-based Family Empowerment Model offers a comprehensive, culturally appropriate approach to improve T2DM care in rural areas. It has the potential to enhance self-care capacity, reduce caregiver burden, and strengthen community-based health systems. ]]>
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