<![CDATA[Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) present both opportunities and challenges for the development of Fiqh teaching in Madrasah Tsanawiyah. This study aims to analyse the driving factors and challenges faced in the adoption of AI in Fiqh teaching through a systematic literature review. The findings indicate that the driving factors for AI adoption include the ability to personalise learning, increased interactivity, expanded access to learning resources, greater efficiency in teachers’ tasks, the provision of rapid feedback, the development of adaptive assessment, and enhanced student motivation and engagement. Meanwhile, the challenges identified include infrastructure limitations, the digital divide, low AI literacy among teachers and students, potential inaccuracies in religious content, algorithmic bias, data privacy issues, plagiarism, over-reliance on technology, and a reduction in humanistic interaction. The adoption of AI in the teaching of Fiqh must be carried out selectively, ethically, and contextually, whilst remaining under the supervision of teachers. AI should be positioned as a learning aid, whilst teachers remain the pedagogical guides, moral mentors, and primary validators of religious material.]]>
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