<![CDATA[Plant embryogenesis involves cell differentiation, pattern formation, and the establishment of apical meristems (shoot and root) that determine cell fate based on positional cues and intercellular signals. This article aims to review the recent literature (2022–2025) on cell-to-cell communication mechanisms and positional information during embryogenesis in model plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Cyathea delgadii. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review of five primary articles, encompassing universal embryonic body plan models, cell wall remodeling and callose deposition, structural pathways of gametophyte cell communication, the role of master transcription factors (BBM, WUS, WOX, LEC1/2, PLT), and mobile signals including miRNAs that provide positional information. The analysis indicates that cell position and intercellular communication guide differentiation and meristem maintenance through the integration of structural, molecular, and genetic regulatory pathways. Cell walls, arabinogalactan proteins, pectin, extensins, and callose contribute to symplastic and apoplastic communication, while mobile transcription factors and miRNAs form gradients that are interpreted by target cells to regulate cell identity. This review identifies gaps related to spatiotemporal signal coordination, integration of molecular and epigenetic gradients, and the application of these models to non-model plants. The findings provide a conceptual foundation for developing universal models of plant embryogenesis, biotechnological manipulation, and further research on organogenesis.]]>
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