<![CDATA[This study is motivated by the importance of credit risk management in conventional banking, which is reflected through the level of Non-Performing Loans (NPL). NPL is one of the indicators of bank soundness that reflects a bank’s ability to manage the loans distributed. This study aims to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and BOPO on Non-Performing Loans (NPL) in conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2023–2025 period. This study employed a quantitative method with a causal research design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, resulting in 15 conventional banks that met the research criteria. With an observation period from 2023 to 2025, a total of 45 observation samples were analyzed. The data used were secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements of companies published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the official websites of the companies. Data analysis techniques included classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination testing, partial testing (t-test), and simultaneous testing (F-test) using SPSS software. The results showed that (1) Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a significant effect on Non-Performing Loans (NPL), (2) Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) has no significant effect on Non-Performing Loans (NPL), (3) BOPO has a significant effect on Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and (4) Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and BOPO simultaneously have a significant effect on Non-Performing Loans (NPL) in conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2023–2025 period.]]>
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