<![CDATA[This study aimed to develop a HOTS-based test instrument on the topic of chemical equilibrium and to assess the higher-order thinking skills of Grade XI students at SMA Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi during the 2025/2026 academic year. The study employed the ADDIE model of Research and Development (R&D). The developed instrument consists of a 30-item multiple-choice test, with each item designed to measure the cognitive domains of analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6). The instrument was deemed suitable for use, having met content validity requirements—confirmed by expert assessment with Aiken’s V indices ranging from 0.96 to 1.00 (categorized as very high)—and reliability requirements, with a reliability coefficient of 0.79 (categorized as high). The students' higher-order thinking skills regarding chemical equilibrium fell into the high category. The response percentages for the HOTS items were 18.30% for analyzing (C4), 52.03% for evaluating (C5), and 29.68% for creating (C6). Overall, the students achieved an average score of 70, leading to the conclusion that their higher-order thinking skills are classified as high.]]>
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