POLA ASUH IBU PEKERJA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA 4–5 TAHUN: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI DI RA NURUL ILMI KALIMULYO JAKENAN PATI

Ishmah Nuriyah
Faila Sufa

Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar
Vol. 11 No. 03 (2026): Volume 11 Nomor 03, September 2026 Publish

This study aims to examine the parenting patterns of working mothers in relation to the social-emotional development of children aged 4-5 years, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of these parenting patterns at RA Nurul Ilmi Kalimulyo Jakenan Pati. Working mothers face the challenge of balancing work and childcare, making it important to examine how their parenting practices continue to support children's social-emotional development. This research employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological case study approach. Primary data were obtained from the school principal, the class A teacher, and three parents (Ibu Erfin, Ibu Sri, and Ibu A'izzah) through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, which were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the parenting patterns applied by the three informants generally reflect an authoritative (democratic) parenting style, as conceptualized by Baumrind, characterized by warmth, two-way communication, clear rules, and responsiveness to children's needs, although each mother's strategy differed according to her work conditions. Supporting factors consisted of internal factors, namely the mothers' motivation and self-awareness, and external factors including family support, school support, and work flexibility. Inhibiting factors included limited time with children, physical and emotional fatigue, difficulty understanding children's emotions, differences in parenting styles among family members, and unexpected situational constraints. The study concludes that the social-emotional development of children aged 4-5 years is not solely determined by the quantity of time mothers spend with them, but rather by the quality and consistency of the parenting applied, which is reinforced by a layered support system from family, school, and work flexibility, as illustrated in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development.