This study aims to develop an e-module based on the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model to improve high school students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in the System of Linear Equations and Inequalities material. This research is motivated by the still low mathematical problem-solving abilities of students and the limited availability of TPS-based digital teaching materials. This research is a research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, including the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study was conducted at SMA Swasta Utama Medan with a sample of class X-2 students. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, and mathematical problem-solving ability tests in the form of pretests and posttests. The results showed that the developed e-module met the valid criteria with an average score of 4.73 in the very feasible category. The practicality of the e-module was indicated by student responses of 82.33% and teacher responses of 93.75%, both of which were categorized as very practical. The effectiveness of the e-module was demonstrated by improved learning outcomes, with an N-Gain value of 0.73 in the high category, and a classical learning completion rate of 90%. Therefore, this TPS-based e-module is suitable as an alternative teaching material to improve high school students' mathematical problem-solving skills.
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