<![CDATA[The Indonesian criminal justice system, regulated under the 1981 Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), is currently dominated by a rigid retributive approach that positions the state as the sole holder of prosecutorial power through the dominus litis principle. Consequently, the victim's position is highly marginalized and passive, limited to acting merely as a witness during trial. This normative legal research aims to formulate a reconstruction of Indonesian criminal procedural law by exploring the potential adoption of active prosecution rights for victims through a critical comparative analysis with the Thai legal system. The study employs statutory, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches. The findings reveal that although Thailand recognizes private prosecution, granting victims independent standing to bring cases directly to court, this mechanism is highly vulnerable to being weaponized as Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) by powerful corporate entities to silence journalists and vulnerable groups. Therefore, this study recommends that Indonesia should refrain from adopting pure private prosecution, and instead reconstruct its procedural system toward a Co-Prosecution model. Under this model, victims are granted active procedural rights to formally accompany public prosecutors in court for specific offenses, filtered through the optimization of the Preliminary Hearing Judge (HPP) to prevent bad-faith lawsuits]]>
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