<![CDATA[PISA 2022 data indicate that Indonesian students' science literacy remains below international standards, implying widespread difficulty in explaining scientific phenomena, interpreting data, and applying scientific concepts. Observations at SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru found physics instruction on abstract topics (light and optical instruments) still dominated by teacher‑centered conventional methods, hindering active engagement and multirepresentational understanding. This study describes students' conceptual understanding after implementing STAD cooperative learning supported by multirepresentation media and tests its effect using a quasi‑experimental non‑equivalent posttest‑only control group design. The sample comprised experimental and control classes; data were collected via a 25‑item multiple‑choice test aligned with conceptual understanding indicators and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using an independent samples t‑test. Results show the experimental class mean 79.08 (good) versus control 69.45 (satisfactory); t‑test p = 0.005 (< 0.05), indicating a significant effect of STAD with multirepresentation media on students' conceptual understanding.]]>
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