Kosmik Hukum
Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025)

Intellectual Property Rights Violations in Data Generated by Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Analysis between Indonesian Law and International Practices

Ismail Koto (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara)
Rahimah (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2025

Abstract

This article examines the issue of intellectual property rights (IPR) violations arising from the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in generating creative works. While AI technologies have advanced rapidly and are capable of producing outputs comparable to human creations, legal frameworks remain underdeveloped. Some jurisdictions restrict copyright ownership to humans, while others explore whether AI or its owners may hold rights. The Indonesian Copyright Law (Law No. 28/2014)¹ does not explicitly regulate AI-generated works, resulting in a legal vacuum. This study adopts a normative legal research method with statute, comparative, and case approaches to analyze Indonesia’s regulatory gaps alongside practices in the United States, European Union, and Japan. Findings show that Indonesian law remains limited to conventional notions of human authorship, while international cases such as Thaler v. Copyright Office² and Getty Images v. Stability AI³ illustrate ongoing disputes about AI creativity and copyright. The article contributes by proposing policy reforms in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for adaptive legislation, clearer liability mechanisms, and harmonization with global standards. Implications: Strengthening protection for creators, ensuring fair use of data in AI training, and advancing international dialogue on AI’s legal status.

Copyrights © 2025






Journal Info

Abbrev

KOSMIK

Publisher

Subject

Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

Kosmik Hukum adalah jurnal peer reviewed dan Open-Acces yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. Kosmik Hukum mengundang para peneliti, dosen, dan praktisi di seluruh dunia untuk bertukar dan memajukan keilmuan di bidang hukum yang meliputi berbagai aspek hukum ...