<![CDATA[This study analyzes how environmental law enforcement operates in East Java and proposes a transformation pathway consistent with sustainable development. The research pursues two aims: to assess current practice and to design reforms that align ecological protection with social equity and economic viability. A qualitative approach with quantitative support was employed, combining legal and policy review, time-series analysis of the Environmental Quality Index and its components for 2020–2024, desk research on administrative and judicial cases from 2022–2024, and interviews and focus group discussions with government, and civil society. The analysis shows that administrative sanctions function as an effective first line because they are fast, preventive, and scalable, yet their impact is constrained by fragmented mandates, uneven supervisory and laboratory capacity, and the absence of binding timelines from inspection to decision and from decision to ecological restoration. Water quality remains the most persistent drag on aggregate environmental performance, indicating weak links between enforcement outputs and ecological outcomes. The study concludes that a responsive and smart regulatory mix is required, centered on administrative sanctions tied to measurable restoration, proportionate civil and criminal escalation, and a provincial bylaw that fixes coordination architecture, service levels, public participation.]]>
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