Influence of Exercise Regimen Parameters on Low Back Pain Reduction and Disability Among Office Workers: A Systematic Review

Ni Luh Dwi Indrayani (Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Bali, Indonesia)
Li-Hsuan Wang (Department of Occupational Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan)
Chun-Teng Wu (Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan)
Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari Agustini (Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Bali, Indonesia)
I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa (Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Bali, Indonesia)

Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal)
Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Volume 11 Number 1 August 2026

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the parameters of low back exercise intervention on pain and disability in office workers with low back pain (LBP) and explore its potential application in clinical practice.  Methods: A systematic review was conducted by systematically searching three databases: EMBASE, OVID Medline, and Web of Science. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the included reviews exploring low back pain and disability among office workers and detailed exercise programs were described. Reviewers were recruited to independently appraise and synthesize all eligible studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.  Results: Of the 169 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included in the review, with an average article quality indicating minimal bias and trustworthy evidence. Thirteen structured and progressive exercise programs significantly influenced LBP reduction, alleviation, and disability management (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The effective programs were most commonly implemented twice weekly for five to ten weeks longer with 20- 60 minutes duration sessions of light to moderate intensity, and weekly progress with regular activities maintenance. The most commonly reported studies for pain level are the visual analog scale or numerical rating scale and disability outcome with the Oswestry Disability Index and Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire.  Conclusion: The exercise program followed a structured parameter of frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression of exercise intervention to improve LBP and disability. These findings provide a baseline integration strategy that is practical and evidence-based for managing LBP and disability in the workplace.