<![CDATA[This study aims to empirically analyze the influence of tax planning, sales growth, firm size, and leverage on the profitability of retail companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021 to 2024. Profitability is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), tax planning is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), and leverage is calculated through the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR). A quantitative causal approach is employed using secondary data derived from audited annual financial reports, collected through purposive sampling technique. Following the elimination of outliers, 95 observations from 27 sample companies were retained. Multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26 serves as the primary analytical tool. Findings indicate that tax planning has a significant negative effect on profitability; firm size exerts a significant positive effect; and leverage demonstrates the most dominant negative and significant impact. Sales growth is not proven to significantly affect profitability. Simultaneously, all four independent variables significantly influence ROA with an Adjusted R² of 34.2%. These results affirm the relevance of signaling theory and agency theory in the context of Indonesian retail company financial performance.]]>
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