Asian Journal of Islamic Psychology
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Volume 2 Issue 2 August 2025

When Worship is Not Enough: Muraqabah as a Psychospiritual Mediator in Addressing Academic Stress Among Online Students.

Metty Hidayanthi (Department of Psychology and Islamic Counselling, International Open University)
Evi Afifah Hurriyati (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Jul 2026

Abstract

Academic stress phenomena have significantly increased among university students in the post-pandemic era, primarily due to online learning systems that impose new psychological pressures. This study aims to analyze the role of muraqabah as a psychospiritual mediator in the relationship between the khushu’ (reverence) of Tahajjud prayer and academic stress among online learners. The research employs a non-experimental quantitative approach with a correlational design and path analysis. The sample consists of 102 students obtained through convenience sampling. Research instruments include the Tahajjud Prayer Reverence Scale, the Muraqabah Scale, and the Academic Stress Scale (PASS). Data analysis was conducted using the Hayes PROCESS Macro Model 4 with a bootstrapping method of 5,000 iterations. The results indicate that the khushu’ of Tahajjud prayer does not have a direct effect on reducing academic stress (p > 0.05). However, it exerts a significant indirect effect through the enhancement of muraqabah (β = 0.65; p = 0.000). Consequently, psychological tranquility in students is not achieved solely through ritual worship, but through the internalization of profound spiritual awareness regarding Allah’s surveillance.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ajip

Publisher

Subject

Religion Other

Description

Asian Journal of Islamic Psychology is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing the scholarly study of the Islamic psychology. This journal is managed by the Pusat Studi Psikologi Islam (PSPI) Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The articles are written in English and ...