Adoption of Telehealth Services for Metabolic Syndrome: The Moderating Role of Health Consciousness in The UTAUT2 Model

Rafi Rahardi (Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia)
Nur Achmad (Department of Digital Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia)
Rini Kuswati (Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia)

Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education
Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educatio

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a major public health concern worldwide and is highly prevalent among office workers owing to their sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy behavioral patterns. Limited access to conventional healthcare services hinders preventive care and disease management in these regions. Telehealth has emerged as a promising solution, providing accessible, flexible, and cost-effective healthcare services. However, evidence regarding the factors influencing telehealth adoption among office workers at risk of MetS in developing countries is limited. Objective: This study aimed to examine the determinants of intention to use and actual use of telehealth services among Indonesian office workers at risk of MetS by extending the UTAUT2 model through the incorporation of health consciousness. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted involving 385 office workers identified as being at risk of developing MetS. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.  Results: The findings revealed that Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and price value significantly influenced the intention to use telehealth in the baseline model. In the extended model, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions remained significant predictors, whereas the effect of price value became insignificant. Health consciousness significantly positively affected both the intention to use and actual use of telehealth services. Furthermore, health consciousness significantly moderated the relationship between social influence and intention to use, indicating that social encouragement becomes more influential among individuals with higher levels of health awareness. Conclusion: Health consciousness is critical for promoting telehealth adoption among office workers at risk of MetS. Integrating health awareness initiatives with supportive technological infrastructure and social influence strategies may enhance telehealth utilization and contribute to more effective workplace health management programs in the future.