<![CDATA[Agrarian disputes remain one of the most complex legal issues in Indonesia due to overlapping land rights, weaknesses in land administration, and conflicting claims between local communities and state-owned enterprises. This study aims to examine the legal validity of the Land Management Right (Hak Pengelolaan Lahan/HPL) granted to PT Pelindo over land that has been physically occupied by the residents of RW 08, Ancol Urban Village, North Jakarta, as well as to analyze legal protection mechanisms and equitable dispute resolution models. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal materials consist of secondary legal sources, including legislation, court decisions, legal doctrines, and recent scholarly publications related to agrarian disputes, land administration, legal certainty, mediation, and agrarian reform. The findings indicate that the dispute reflects a conflict between formal legal certainty, as represented by land title certificates, and the substantive rights arising from the community’s long-standing physical occupation of the land. Weak administrative procedures, overlapping land registration, and the inadequate recognition of community rights are the primary factors contributing to the persistence of the dispute. Furthermore, the existing dispute resolution mechanisms have not fully accommodated the principles of justice, legal certainty, and public benefit. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated dispute resolution model through judicial review, agrarian mediation, land administration reform, and the implementation of agrarian reform policies to ensure balanced legal protection for both the affected community and the state-owned enterprise. Strengthening transparency in land administration and enhancing inter-agency coordination are also essential measures to prevent similar agrarian disputes in the future.]]>
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