<![CDATA[The increasing use of gasoline-powered motorcycles contributes to higher exhaust emissions that negatively affect air quality. One approach to reducing exhaust emissions is optimizing combustion parameters through the adjustment of the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Air Fuel Ratio (AFR), and ignition timing. This study aimed to analyze the effect of standard and aftermarket ECUs with different AFR and ignition timing settings on the exhaust emissions of a gasoline motocycle 125 LED motorcycle. An experimental method with a factorial design was employed using two ECU types, three AFR levels (12.5, 13.5, and 14.7), and three ignition timing settings (standard, +2°, and +4°). Exhaust emissions were measured using a gas analyzer to determine carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) concentrations. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics followed by a Three-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that ECU type, AFR, and ignition timing significantly influenced CO and HC emissions. Appropriate adjustment of combustion parameters improved combustion efficiency, resulting in lower exhaust emissions. The combination of an aftermarket ECU with optimum AFR and ignition timing produced lower emissions than the standard ECU.]]>
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