<![CDATA[The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare has improved clinical assessment, surgical planning, decision making, and orthopedic procedures, while simultaneously raising legal concerns regarding patient safety, professional responsibility, personal data protection, and accountability for technology supported clinical decisions. This study examines the adequacy of legal protection for patients receiving AI assisted orthopedic surgical services in Indonesia and develops a regulatory framework that strengthens patient rights and legal certainty. The study applies an empirical legal research method through observation and in-depth interviews, complemented by an analysis of relevant laws and regulations governing healthcare services, medical practice, digital technology, and patient protection. The findings reveal three main issues, first, the Indonesian legal framework does not specifically regulate the use of AI in clinical decision making, particularly when AI contributes to medical errors or patient harm. Second, existing regulations do not clearly allocate legal and professional responsibility among physicians, healthcare institutions, and technology developers involved in AI assisted orthopedic surgery. Third, Indonesia requires an integrated regulatory framework that establishes clear standards for professional accountability, informed consent, patient safety, clinical supervision, cybersecurity, personal data protection, and electronic medical records to ensure that AI assisted orthopedic surgery operates safely, transparently, accountably, and consistently with patients’ rights.]]>
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