<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in rake angle and spindle speed using HSS (High-Speed Steel) cutting tools on surface roughness during the turning process of ST 41 steel. ST 41 steel is a low-carbon steel widely used in industry due to its ductility and machinability; however, its surface finish is significantly influenced by cutting parameters. In this study, three rake angle variations were used, namely 15°, 20°, and 25°, as well as three spindle rotational speed variations, namely 360 rpm, 560 rpm, and 800 rpm. The research method employed was an experimental design using a factorial approach, in which the turning process was performed using a conventional lathe. The surface roughness of the turned parts was measured using a Surface Roughness Tester, and the results were statistically analyzed to determine the effect of each variable. The results showed that both the rake angle and spindle speed had a significant effect on the surface roughness value (Ra). The lowest surface roughness value was obtained with a combination of a 25° rake angle and a spindle speed of 360 rpm, which produced the smoothest surface. This indicates that the rake angle and spindle speed can influence surface roughness, as the cutting process becomes more efficient and chip formation is smoother.]]>
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