<![CDATA[Rapid urban development in Bukittinggi City has altered vegetation cover, built-up density, and surface thermal conditions. This study maps and compares the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and Urban Heat Island (UHI) in 2015 and 2025 and examines the relationships of NDVI and NDBI with UHI. Quantitative descriptive spatial analysis used Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery processed in ENVI and ArcGIS. NDBI classification accuracy was assessed using ROC-AUC, while relationships were evaluated with Pearson correlation and simple regression. Very low vegetation increased from 621.54 to 707.31 ha, while medium vegetation decreased from 538.65 to 451.44 ha. Maximum LST rose from 28.45°C to 31.24°C. Medium built-up land increased from 611.01 to 691.29 ha. Non-UHI area decreased from 598.14 to 461.07 ha, whereas high-intensity UHI expanded from 521.82 to 588.51 ha. The NDBI map achieved an AUC of 0.811, indicating very good classification performance. NDBI showed the strongest positive relationship with UHI, while NDVI showed a weak negative relationship. LST was analyzed descriptively because UHI was derived directly from LST. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling the concentration of built-up surfaces and maintaining urban vegetation.]]>
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