The Association Between Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) And Risk Factors In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients At Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital, Surakarta

Dara Pramesta Pertiwi (Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta)
Vivin Marwiyati Rohmana (Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta)
Septian Maulid Wicahyo (Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta)

International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 5 No. 3 SEPTEMBER 2026

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the most common chronic diseases among geriatric patients and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities requiring the use of multiple medications (polypharmacy). This condition increases the risk of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs), defined as medications whose potential risks outweigh their clinical benefits in older adults. Identifying PIMs is essential to improve medication safety and promote rational drug therapy in geriatric patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs), identify the associated risk factors, and analyze the relationship between risk factors and PIMs among geriatric patients with chronic kidney disease based on the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria 2023. This observational analytic study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design. The study included 82 geriatric patients with chronic kidney disease who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from medical records of patients at Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital, Surakarta, from January to December 2025. PIMs were identified using the AGS Beers Criteria 2023, and data were analyzed using univariate analysis and the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level. The prevalence of PIMs was 97.6% (80 of 82 patients). Most patients were male (59.8%), aged 60–69 years (57.3%), and received ≥5 medications (57.3%). Category 1 accounted for the highest proportion of PIMs (40.6%), followed by Category 4 (37.8%). The analysis showed that sex, age, comorbidities, and hemodialysis frequency were not significantly associated with PIMs (p>0.05), whereas polypharmacy was significantly associated with the occurrence of PIMs (p<0.05). The prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications among geriatric patients with chronic kidney disease was very high. Polypharmacy was the only risk factor significantly associated with PIMs. Regular medication review using the AGS Beers Criteria 2023 is recommended to improve medication safety, effectiveness, and rational drug use in geriatric patients.