Socioeconomics overview of fruits and vegetables consumption among population aged > 5 years: A further analysis of Indonesia Health Survey 2023

Nilasari (Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55281)

Journal of Evidence - Based Nursing and Public Health
Vol. 3 No. 2: (August) 2026

Background: Low consumption of fruits and vegetables is estimated the cause of 1.7 million (2.8%) deaths and 16 million (1.0%) globally. In Indonesia, the behavior of the population >10 years of age is to less consume fruits and vegetables, which is above 90%. This study aims to show the socio, economics consumption of fruits and vegetables in the Indonesian based on several characteristics. Methods: The data analyzed is the result of the Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) 2023. The research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design, non-interventional. The data analyzed is data on fruit and vegetable consumption, along with the reasons why people do not consume them. Findings: The analysis showed that (≥60%), based on all the characteristics studied, consumed 1-2 portions of fresh fruit/and/or vegetables per day. The most people who consumed ≥ 5 portions of fresh fruit/and/or vegetables per day in a week were public servants (6.7%) with completed education levels D1/D2/D3/PT (6.0%). There are (18.4%) more people aged 5-9 years compared to other age groups who do not consume fresh fruit/and/or vegetables per day of the week. Conclusion: Socio economic factors, including income, education, and occupation, significantly influence these consumption patterns. The biggest reason for not consuming fresh fruit is no fruits (stock/price) and vegetables are disliked. Indonesian fruit and vegetable consumption is low in the context of balanced nutrition. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive national-level analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption patterns among the Indonesian population using the SKI 2023 data. It highlights variations in consumption according to socio-demographic and economic characteristics and identifies key reasons for non-consumption, including availability, affordability, and preference. These findings provide important evidence for developing targeted nutrition interventions to address socio-economic and behavioral barriers to adequate fruit and vegetable consumption in Indonesia.