Transformation of Electronic Land Certificates as Government Administrative Products from the Perspective of Administrative Law in Indonesia: Transformasi Sertifikat Tanah Elektronik sebagai Produk Administrasi Pemerintahan dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara

Hadiyanto, Ide Prima

Mendapo: Journal of Administrative Law
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): (2026) (In Progres)

The digitalization of land administration through the issuance of electronic land certificates represents a transformation of government administration that not only changes the form of administrative documents but also affects the exercise and accountability of governmental authority. This study aims to examine the legal position of electronic land certificates as government administrative products, the legal basis and limits of the authority exercised by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency, and the application of the principle of legality and the General Principles of Good Governance in their issuance. This normative legal study employs statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed qualitatively and prescriptively to examine the relationship between governmental authority, administrative procedures, data validity, electronic system reliability, and legal protection for the public. The findings demonstrate that an electronic land certificate constitutes a government administrative product resulting from the exercise of authority by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency. Its validity is determined not only by its legal basis but also by the legality of authority, procedural compliance, data validity and authenticity, electronic system reliability, and adherence to the General Principles of Good Governance. The novelty of this study lies in constructing the electronic land certificate as a government administrative product within a digital administrative ecosystem, thereby extending governmental responsibility beyond document issuance to encompass the integrity of the processes, data, and systems through which the product is generated. This finding contributes to Administrative Law scholarship by conceptualizing digitalization as a transformation in the exercise of governmental authority that requires stronger system security, process traceability, institutional capacity, mechanisms for administrative correction, and effective legal protection for the public.