<![CDATA[This research investigates the legal dynamics of hospital-physician partnerships, evaluating them against the principles of Commutative and Distributive Justice. While these relationships are normatively grounded in the principle of freedom of contract under the Indonesian Civil Code, a significant discrepancy exists between theory and practice. The study reveals that the "independent contractor" status often masks a subordinate employment relationship, creating structural injustice due to the unequal bargaining power between physicians and institutions. This imbalance is further complicated by a legal vacuum regarding contract standardization, which often shifts the burden of liability onto physicians through recourse rights while obscuring corporate accountability. To rectify these inequities, the study proposes the integration of legal regimes via legal analogy (analogia iuris) to ensure proportional justice and legal certainty. Moving forward, the research emphasizes the urgent need for government-issued regulations to standardize agreements and eliminate "take-it-or-leave-it" contracts. Furthermore, hospitals must refine their internal clauses to ensure fair risk distribution, while professional bodies like the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI) should provide standardized templates and advocacy. These collective measures are essential to safeguarding clinical autonomy, strengthening physician bargaining power, and ensuring a transparent, protected healthcare ecosystem for both medical professionals and patients.]]>
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