<![CDATA[Background: The increasing use of earphones among university students may increase sound exposure and contribute to tinnitus. Frequency and duration of use are important behavioral factors, while the role of gender remains uncertain. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between earphone use and tinnitus complaints among 2024 medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, and to examine these associations by gender. Methods: This quantitative study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 116 students, comprising 58 males and 58 females, were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Most respondents used earphones 1–2 days per week (56.0%), and 50.9% used them for less than one hour per day. Overall, 65.5% had no tinnitus problem. No significant associations were found between gender and earphone use frequency (p = 0.344), duration (p = 0.398), or tinnitus risk (p = 0.160). However, tinnitus risk was significantly associated with both earphone use frequency and duration (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Earphone use frequency and duration were significantly associated with tinnitus risk, whereas gender was not significantly associated with earphone use patterns or tinnitus risk. These findings suggest that earphone exposure patterns may be more closely related to tinnitus risk than gender differences. ]]>
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