<![CDATA[Ideally, the development of Indonesian criminal law should maintain legal certainty through the principle of legality while responding to norms that live within society (living law). In reality, the recognition of living law raises concerns regarding the limits of its legitimacy and application as a basis for criminal punishment, particularly in balancing legal certainty, substantive justice, and human rights protection. This study aims to analyze the position of living law within the development of the legality principle in Indonesian criminal law and to formulate its reconstruction from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through library research. Primary and secondary legal materials are analyzed qualitatively and normatively through interpretation, systematization, and comparison. The findings demonstrate that living law cannot be applied merely because it exists within society but must satisfy four parameters: philosophical, juridical, sociological, and Sharia. These parameters provide a legitimacy framework integrating Pancasila, positive law, social realities, ‘urf ṣaḥīḥ, and maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah to develop criminal law that is responsive, just, and legally certain.]]>
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