<![CDATA[Highlights: This study covers the prevalent pattern of first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs. High-dose INH was the most prevalent pattern among DR-TB patients. Abstract Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) posing a significant global health challenge. Drug-resistant TB is characterized by complex resistance patterns, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. The lack of understanding regarding resistance to both primary and secondary anti-TB drugs contributed to the persistence of resistance. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational study that used secondary data from the medical records of patients with DR-TB resistant to Rifampicin at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2019 to 2022. A total of 199 patient samples were included, selected using the total sampling technique and based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: The most prevalent resistance pattern observed was high-dose Isoniazid (30.7%). A case of cross-resistance between Bedaquiline and Clofazimine was found in a single DR-TB patient. Among patients with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), 41% of those with DM and 39.8% without DM showed high-dose Isoniazid (INH) resistance. One case of extensively drug-resistant TB occurred in a patient without DM. Conclusion: Drug-resistant TB remained a major health issue due to its high prevalence and complex treatment. Understanding resistance patterns and managing comorbidities, such as DM, was crucial for improving treatment outcomes.]]>
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