<![CDATA[The selection of a serial communication protocol affects pin efficiency, connection topology, and data-exchange behavior in embedded systems. This study compares I2C, UART, and SPI through a Tinkercad-based simulation experiment using two Arduino Uno boards as Master and Slave. Three scenarios were evaluated: I2C with a temperature sensor, UART with a PIR sensor, and SPI with a photoresistor. Data were observed through the Serial Monitor and Slave-side LED responses. All observed functional scenarios consistently transferred the intended sensor status. I2C provided efficient wiring through SDA and SCL, UART offered a simple point-to-point configuration at 9600 bps, while SPI required more signal lines for synchronous communication. The findings indicate that protocol selection should consider topology, pin availability, and application requirements. Hardware experiments are still required to quantify latency, throughput, and transmission errors.]]>
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