<![CDATA[Purpose: This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of accounting earnings, operating cash flow, leverage, and firm size on stock returns of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2025 period. Method: Sampling used a purposive sampling method and produced 131 observations. Data analysis techniques employed descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination analysis, t-test, and F-test. Finding: The results indicate that accounting earnings have a positive and significant effect on stock returns. Operating cash flow, leverage, and firm size have no significant effect on stock returns. Simultaneously, accounting earnings, operating cash flow, leverage, and firm size have a significant effect on stock returns. Novelty: This study provides updated empirical evidence regarding the effect of accounting earnings, operating cash flow, leverage, and firm size on stock returns in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2025 period.]]>
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