<![CDATA[The Beneish M-Score is a widely used financial statement analysis tool for detecting earnings manipulation. Developed by Messod D. Beneish, a professor at Indiana University, the model draws on eight financial ratios to distinguish firms that have manipulated earnings from those that have not.This study examines real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) using financial statements for 2023 and 2024. From a population of 89 listed real estate and property companies, 76 firms met the sample criteria, yielding 152 firm-year observations. The eight indicators applied were the Days' Sales in Receivables Index (DSRI), Gross Margin Index (GMI), Asset Quality Index (AQI), Sales Growth Index (SGI), Depreciation Index (DEPI), Sales, General and Administrative Expenses Index (SGAI), Leverage Index (LVGI), and Total Accruals to Total Assets Index (TATA), combined into an overall M-Score.Using the -2.22 threshold, 28 of 76 companies (36.8%) were classified as manipulators in 2023 and 24 companies (31.6%) in 2024, with 11 companies flagged as manipulators in both years. The remaining companies were classified as non-manipulators.]]>
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