<![CDATA[Independent learning is one of the key skills that needs to be developed in primary school pupils. However, teaching that remains teacher-centred and the limited use of innovative learning media mean that pupils’ independent learning has not yet developed optimally. This study aims to develop a flipbook-based digital comic to support pupils’ independent learning on the subject of economic conditions in my region. The study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which comprises the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects comprised 47 Year 5 primary school pupils who participated in individual, small-group, and large-group trials. Data were collected through expert validation, pupil response questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results showed that the developed media achieved an average validation score of 94.8%, falling into the ‘highly valid’ category. Student responses to the media reached an average of 92.78%, whilst the observation results achieved a percentage of 93.83%; both fell into the ‘very good’ category. These findings indicate that the flipbook-based digital comic developed is valid, practical, and suitable for use, and has the potential to support the development of students’ independent learning through the presentation of visual, interactive, and contextual material. Keywords: Digital comic, flipbook, learning independence, elementary school]]>
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