GreenTech
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)

Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to the Bioflapon Manufacturing Process Using the CML-Baseline Method at Pilot Plant Scale

Ayu Wulandari (Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute)
Fadlin Qisthi Nasution (Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute)



Article Info

Publish Date
27 Jun 2026

Abstract

Bioflapon is a construction material developed as an alternative to gypsum, widely used as ceiling panels. As the demand for gypsum continues to increase, other alternatives such as bioflapon need to be evaluated. This study assesses the environmental impacts of pilot-scale bioflapon production using a Life Cycle Assessment approach. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment is conducted using the CML method, focusing on four key impact categories: Global Warming Potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication, and human toxicity. The bioflapon production consists of two main stages: transportation and processing. The processing includes pulverisation, mixing, and curing. It shows that transportation and curing are the major contributors to environmental impacts. Transportation has the highest contribution to GWP (0.94 kg CO₂ eq), acidification (5.5 × 10⁻³ kg SO₂ eq), and human toxicity (0.41 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq), mainly due to fuel use and emissions. In contrast, eutrophication is dominated by the curing stage, with a value of 2.5 × 10⁻³ kg PO₄³⁻ eq, associated with high energy consumption. These findings indicate that efforts to reduce the environmental impacts of bioflapon production should focus on optimising transportation and improving energy efficiency during the curing process.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

GreenTech

Publisher

Subject

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences

Description

reenTech is an Open Access, Peer-Review Journal published by the Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Andalas. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers and practitioners in the field of agro-industrial engineering to disseminate their research findings and knowledge ...