<![CDATA[The recurring practice of vigilantism (eigenrichting) in Indonesia reflects a growing tendency to usurp the State's exclusive authority to administer criminal justice, thereby undermining due process of law, the presumption of innocence, and legal certainty. Previous studies have primarily examined vigilantism from criminological, sociological, and human rights perspectives, while limited attention has been given to the absence of a specific criminal law framework recognizing vigilantism as an autonomous criminal offence. This study analyzes Indonesia's existing criminal law policy and formulates a criminal law policy model to strengthen legal certainty. Employing normative legal research, this study uses statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that vigilantism is not specifically regulated, resulting in reliance on general criminal provisions that fail to reflect its distinctive legal character. The novelty of this study lies in developing a criminal law policy reformulation that recognizes vigilantism as an autonomous criminal offence through a specific legal definition, constituent elements, criminal liability, and sentencing principles. This study contributes to criminal law theory, provides normative guidance for legislative reform, and offers clearer legal standards for consistent law enforcement]]>
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