<![CDATA[This study examines parent–child communication patterns in supervising gadget use among children aged 7–9 years in Sidoarjo Regency. A descriptive qualitative design was employed involving six parents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and documentation and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that parental supervision is predominantly characterized by open, dialogic, and two-way communication. Parents combine explanations, advice, negotiation, time restrictions, content control, and consequences to guide children’s gadget use. Conversation orientation appears relatively dominant because children are generally allowed to express opinions, objections, and experiences, while conformity orientation remains visible through parental authority and rule enforcement. Active mediation, restrictive mediation, and co-use operate simultaneously and are adapted to family circumstances. Consistent communication and understandable explanations also support children’s acceptance of digital boundaries and emerging self-regulation. However, peer influence, parental fatigue, and limited time can reduce supervisory consistency. Overall, effective gadget supervision depends on balancing parental authority with responsive communication, clear boundaries, and sustained involvement in children’s digital activities. This balance promotes responsible technology use while preserving supportive family relationships overall.]]>
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