<![CDATA[This study examines the imbalance of bargaining power in household gas network (Jargas) agreements administered by Pertagas Niaga from a civil law perspective. The research focuses on the legal relationship between consumers and business actors in standard form contracts, which often place consumers in a weaker bargaining position. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the conformity of such agreements with the principles of justice and legal protection in civil law. The findings reveal that the use of standard agreements creates an unequal contractual relationship that may undermine the principle of fairness and potentially disadvantage consumers. From the perspective of rechtsstaat, contractual arrangements should guarantee justice, legal certainty, and the protection of individual rights. In contrast, the characteristics of machtsstaat may be reflected in the dominance of business actors who possess greater authority in determining contractual terms. The study concludes that stronger regulatory oversight and enhanced consumer protection mechanisms are necessary to promote a more balanced contractual relationship and ensure the realization of justice in household gas network agreements.]]>
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