Journal of Research in Instructional
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Research in Instructional

Development of numbers adventure gamification in mathematics subjects for elementary schools

Nurul Khaeraninnasyith Arif (Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia)
Nurhikmah Nurhikmah (Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia)
Lu’mu Lu’mu (Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
02 Sep 2026

Abstract

In elementary school mathematics, students often struggle to distinguish, name, and identify numbers. Simple gamification tools, such as the "Snakes and Ladders" game, serve as learning media that support the development of fundamental cognitive skills, including number recognition and problem-solving. This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of the "Numbers Adventure" gamification model through a series of assessments regarding validity, practicality, and effectiveness. A Research and Development (R&D) approach was employed, following the Define, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate & Revise stages. The study involved 51 students and three classroom teachers. Data collection instruments included media and instrument validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The findings indicate that developing the "Numbers Adventure" gamification model was necessary to bridge the gap between students' learning characteristics, educators' needs, and elementary school curriculum requirements. Assessments by subject matter experts (96%) and media experts (95%) confirmed that the content, design, and learning structure met pedagogical standards and aligned with the elementary school curriculum. The practicality of the "Numbers Adventure" gamification proved to be very high, based on ratings from both students (95.11%) and educators (94%). The model demonstrated high effectiveness in improving mathematics learning outcomes, evidenced by N-Gain scores ranging from 0.83 to 0.88 (categorized as high). The "Numbers Adventure" gamification model successfully optimized numeracy concept understanding for students with varying levels of prior knowledge across all trial locations.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jri

Publisher

Subject

Description

Journal of Research in Instructional is an Open Access Journal published by the Universitas Papua. Journal of Research in Instructional is regularly published bi-annually. By publishing bi-annually: June and December Journal of Research in Instructional is intended to communicate original researches ...