Potential Conversion of Chicken Bone Waste into Fe2O3-Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Photocatalyst

Septiana Intan Permata (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584||Indonesia Nanotechnology and Sustainable Chemistry Research Centre, Universitas Isla)
Is Fatimah (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584||Indonesia Nanotechnology and Sustainable Chemistry Research Centre, Universitas Isla)
Nunung Nurlaela (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584||Indonesia Nanotechnology and Sustainable Chemistry Research Centre, Universitas Isla)
Zakiyya Hamidah (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584||Indonesia Nanotechnology and Sustainable Chemistry Research Centre, Universitas Isla)
Suresh Sagadevan (Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603)
Azlan Kamari (Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak)
Won-Chun Oh (Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 356-706)
Deblina Roy (Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, whereas the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013)
Ruey-an Doong (Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, whereas the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013)

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 4 Year 2026 (December 2026) (Issue in Progress)

Functional material of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles-functionalized Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized from chicken bone waste. The preparation of material involved the calcination of chicken bone waste followed by the dispersion of iron oxide precursors and hydrothermal treatment to get coprecipitated HA. Systematic physicochemical characterization was performed by various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the composite was examined to degrade methylene blue under various photon sources and pH condition. The results demonstrated that a high crystalline Fe2O3/HA was derived, and detail of the analysis confirm the functionality of iron as dopant in the crystalline structure of HA and the dispersed photoactive nanoparticles. Photocatalytic degradation experiments resumed that the high degradation efficiency could be achievable at alkaline condition and under visible light illumination, as the efficiency of 78.88% was the optimum value. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).