Efektivitas Antibiotik terhadap Parameter Klinis Pasien Pneumonia Pediatri di RSUD Bandung Kiwari

Nurul Azmi Fatarani (Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi dan Sains, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia)
Fetri Lestari (Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi dan Sains, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia)
Suwendar Suwendar (Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi dan Sains, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia)

Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy
675 - 684

Abstract. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. The success of antibiotic therapy in patients with pneumonia is assessed not only by bacterial eradication but also by improvements in clinical parameters such as respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. This study aims to determine which antibiotics tend to be effective based on changes in these clinical parameters in pediatric pneumonia patients. The study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach based on medical records of pediatric pneumonia patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 40 patients met the study criteria. All antibiotic regimens showed improvement in clinical parameters during the treatment period. The greatest reduction in respiratory rate was observed with the ceftriaxone regimen followed by azithromycin, with an average decrease of 17 breaths per minute. The greatest increase in oxygen saturation was achieved with the combination of cefotaxime and gentamicin, at 17%. The greatest reduction in body temperature occurred with the combination of levofloxacin and azithromycin, at 3.1°C. Nevertheless, cefotaxime monotherapy showed the most consistent trend of effectiveness across all clinical parameters, marked by a reduction in respiratory rate of 8.6 breaths/minute, an increase in oxygen saturation of 6.7%, and a reduction in body temperature of 2.0°C, Thus, it has the potential to be one of the effective regimens for the management of pediatric pneumonia; however, its use must still take the patient’s clinical condition into account. Abstract. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. The success of antibiotic therapy in patients with pneumonia is assessed not only by bacterial eradication but also by improvements in clinical parameters such as respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. This study aims to determine which antibiotics tend to be effective based on changes in these clinical parameters in pediatric pneumonia patients. The study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach based on medical records of pediatric pneumonia patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 40 patients met the study criteria. All antibiotic regimens showed improvement in clinical parameters during the treatment period. The greatest reduction in respiratory rate was observed with the ceftriaxone regimen followed by azithromycin, with an average decrease of 17 breaths per minute. The greatest increase in oxygen saturation was achieved with the combination of cefotaxime and gentamicin, at 17%. The greatest reduction in body temperature occurred with the combination of levofloxacin and azithromycin, at 3.1°C. Nevertheless, cefotaxime monotherapy showed the most consistent trend of effectiveness across all clinical parameters, marked by a reduction in respiratory rate of 8.6 breaths/minute, an increase in oxygen saturation of 6.7%, and a reduction in body temperature of 2.0°C, Thus, it has the potential to be one of the effective regimens for the management of pediatric pneumonia; however, its use must still take the patient’s clinical condition into account. Abstrak. Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas pada anak di seluruh dunia. Keberhasilan terapi antibiotik pada pasien pneumonia tidak hanya dinilai dari eradikasi bakteri, tetapi juga melalui perbaikan parameter klinis seperti frekuensi napas, saturasi oksigen, dan suhu tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan antibiotik yang cenderung efektif berdasarkan perubahan parameter klinis tersebut pada pasien pneumonia pediatri. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis pasien pneumonia pediatri yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 40 pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Seluruh regimen antibiotik menunjukkan perbaikan parameter klinis selama masa perawatan. Penurunan frekuensi napas terbesar ditemukan pada regimen ceftriaxone yang dilanjutkan azitromisin dengan penurunan rata-rata sebesar 17 kali/menit. Peningkatan saturasi oksigen terbesar diperoleh pada kombinasi cefotaxime dan gentamisin sebesar 17%. Penurunan suhu tubuh terbesar terjadi pada kombinasi levofloxacin dan azitromisin sebesar 3,1°C. Meskipun demikian, cefotaxime monoterapi menunjukkan kecenderungan efektivitas yang paling konsisten pada seluruh parameter klinis, ditandai dengan penurunan frekuensi napas sebesar 8,6 kali/menit, peningkatan saturasi oksigen sebesar 6,7%, serta penurunan suhu tubuh sebesar 2,0°C, sehingga berpotensi menjadi salah satu regimen yang efektif dalam penatalaksanaan pneumonia pediatri, namun penggunaannya tetap perlu mempertimbangkan kondisi klinis pasien.