Development of a Microcontroller-Based Power Monitoring System for Comparative Efficiency Analysis of LED, CFL, and Incandescent Lamps

Barik Khamaluddin Nur (Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer Semarang)
Miftahurrohman Miftahurrohman (Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer Semarang)
Imam Saufik Suasana (Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer Semarang)

Formosa Journal of Computer and Information Science
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): August 2026

This study developed and evaluated an Arduino Uno R3-based power-monitoring prototype using ACS712 and ZMPT101B sensors to compare 450-lumen LED, CFL, and incandescent lamps. Each lamp underwent ten trials, with twelve samples per trial. Sensor readings were validated against a digital multimeter. Mean apparent power was 5.28, 14.21, and 40.36 VA, while estimated active power was 5.23, 7.82, and 40.36 W, respectively. Mean voltage and current errors were 0.09% and 1.56%. The LED achieved the highest estimated luminous efficacy (86.0 lm/W) and the lowest annual energy cost. The prototype was reliable for educational comparison, although synchronized voltage-current sampling is required for direct active-power measurement of nonlinear loads.