Sustainable Urban Mobility in The Largest Metropolitan Cities of Indonesia: Planned or Realised?

Nita Aribah Hanif (Governmental Studies, Universitas Pamulang, Serang, Indonesia)
Muhammad Lukman Hakim (Public Administration Studies, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, Indonesia)

Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan
Vol 14, No 2 (2026): Agustus 2026

This study aims to analyze the optimization of sustainable mobility in several metropolitan cities in Indonesia. The locus of this study, where the comparison objects will be Jakarta and Surabaya City. The research method used was a qualitative case study approach. The data resources of this study are collected by the researcher through documentation techniques. The data analysis of this study is based on interactive models, which consist of data collection, reduction, visualization, and a conclusion to the answer to the research question. The results of this study show that the sustainable mobility concept has been realized by Jakarta’s Government and Surabaya’s Government. In environmental sustainability indicators, Jakarta has made better progress than Surabaya in organizing public transport and switching to EVs to reduce traffic emissions. In economic effectiveness, the Jakarta and Surabaya governments have the same progress through providing incentives to use public transport. In socio-cultural sustainability, Jakarta and Surabaya have the same problems in providing accessible facilities, including for disabled people. The Jakarta and Surabaya government needs to improve their mobility system, especially accessibility infrastructure, so public transport can be reached by all of the community and achieve sustainable mobility concept optimally.