Training needs and challenges of livestock feed processors in Southwest Nigeria

JOHN IWEANYA ONYEMENAM (Teaching and Research Farm, Landmark University SDG2 (Zero Hunger). PMB 1001, Ipetu Road, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria)
JONES A. AKANGBE (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin. Ilorin, Nigeria)
EBENEZER A. KOLAWOLE (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Landmark University SDG2 (Zero Hunger). PMB 1001, Ipetu Road, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria)

Asian Journal of Agriculture
Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)

Abstract. Onyemenam JI, Akangbe JA, Kolawole EA. 2026. Training needs and challenges of livestock feed processors in Southwest Nigeria. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100212. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100212. Livestock production remains a critical component of agricultural development and food security across sub-Saharan Africa. Within this value chain, small- and medium-scale feed processors serve a vital intermediary role, yet they frequently experience severe technical capacity constraints and harsh macroeconomic shocks. This study assessed the operational challenges and training needs of livestock feed processors in Southwest Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design and a three-stage sampling technique, data were collected from 287 registered processors across Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo States. Training needs were measured using a dual framework: a 3-point Likert scale for subjective Expressed Training Needs, and the Borich Needs Assessment Model to calculate objective Mean Weighed Discrepancy Score (MWDS) by weighting task importance against competence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the One-Sample t-test, and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results indicated that processors face severe, clustered systemic challenges (Aggregate Index x̄ = 3.16 ± 0.97), led by inadequate operational information (x̄ = 3.33 ± 0.93) and a lack of structured training (x̄ = 3.32 ± 1.03). Perceived operational challenges were strongly associated with their overall training needs (rs = .857, p < 0.001), while One-Sample t-tests confirmed significant population-wide training deficits (p < 0.001) across all evaluated technical domains. The results of Borich Needs Assessment Model indicate that the highest capacity gaps occur in precision technical tasks, specifically preparing feed formula (MWDS = +3.68) and calculating proximate analysis (MWDS = +3.48). Consequently, agricultural extension services, industry associations, and value-chain frameworks should deploy targeted vocational training modules in basic feed formulation methods and proximate analysis calculations, and integrate technical programnes with clear guidance on accessing loans and credits.