Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ)
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): September 2026

Culturally embedded resilience in the diabetes-COVID-19 syndemic: A phenomenological study of older adults in Bali, Indonesia

Putu Wira Kusuma Putra (Nursing Program, STIKES Bina Usada Bali, Badung, Bali)
Ni Komang Matalia Gandari (Nursing Program, STIKES Bina Usada Bali, Badung, Bali)
Ni Nyoman Suardani (Mangusada General Hospital, Badung, Bali)
Meriana Barreto Amaral (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidade Nacional Timor Loro-Sa’e, Díli)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Aug 2026

Abstract

The COVID-19–diabetes mellitus (DM) syndemic disproportionately threatened older adults with Type 2 DM globally. This study investigates the culturally embedded resilience mechanisms enabling older Balinese adults with long-standing T2DM to maintain complication-free status during this crisis, directly challenging dominant deficit narratives. A descriptive phenomenological study grounded in Husserlian principles recruited ten older adults (aged 56–70; T2DM ≥20 years) in Badung Regency, Bali, utilizing purposive sampling. Bilingual researchers conducted in-depth interviews in participants’ preferred languages. Data were analyzed employing Colaizzi’s seven-step method, with methodological rigor ensured through reflexive bracketing and biweekly peer debriefing. Analysis revealed four interconnected themes illustrating a trajectory from psychological distress to disciplined self-management: (1) spiritually mediated acceptance of syndemic threat; (2) dietary management integrating biomedical guidance with traditional Balinese Usada practices; (3) adapted physical activity with strict pandemic protocol adherence; and (4) consistent biomedical treatment compliance. The Tri Hita Karana (THK) philosophy underpinned all themes, functioning as a cohesive cultural framework that seamlessly integrated psychological, behavioral, and biomedical domains into a unified self-management ecosystem. Resilience within this syndemic context emerged as a dynamic, culturally embedded process rather than a fixed individual trait. Healthcare systems must prioritize THK-informed, strength-based nursing programs as proactive resilience infrastructure, systematically integrating indigenous health philosophies into chronic disease management strategies for future global health emergencies.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

nhs

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

Description

Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) is peer-reviewed and open access international journal which published by KHD Production, to accommodate researchers and health practitioners publishing their scientific articles. NHSJ accepts original papers, review articles, short communications, case ...