<![CDATA[The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various aspects of human life while simultaneously creating new forms of criminal conduct that challenge the traditional principles of criminal liability under Indonesian law. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of the existing Indonesian criminal law framework in addressing AI-based crimes and to reconstruct an appropriate model of criminal liability capable of responding to the legal complexities arising from the use of AI. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and selected international regulatory frameworks. The findings reveal that Indonesian criminal law has not yet explicitly regulated criminal liability for AI-based crimes, resulting in legal uncertainty regarding the responsibility of AI users, developers, corporations, and digital platform providers. The study further proposes a reconstructed criminal liability model based on the principles of fault, foreseeability, and corporate accountability to ensure legal certainty and effective law enforcement in the era of artificial intelligence. It concludes that reforming Indonesia's criminal law is essential to establish a comprehensive and adaptive framework for criminal liability that balances technological innovation with legal protection and public interests.]]>
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